In July 2024, the Court of Appeal upheld a 2023 High Court ruling that could have significant implications for certain defined benefit pension schemes.
The case involved the NTL Pension Scheme trustees and Virgin Media Ltd, focusing on section 37 of the Pension Schemes Act 1993, which requires actuaries to certify any amendments to benefits in contracted-out schemes. Schemes that were contracted out of the additional state pension must ensure benefits are at least equivalent to a minimum standard, as specified in a hypothetical “reference scheme”. Any changes to these benefits must be certified by the scheme actuary to confirm compliance with this standard.
The court ruled that amendments affecting members’ section 9(2B) rights would be invalid unless the actuary had provided written confirmation at the time the changes were made. This ruling could impact schemes contracted out from April 1997 to April 2016, when contracting out ended.
The ruling has caused uncertainty in the pensions sector, especially regarding its impact on reporting by schemes and employers. A potential further legal case in 2025 may clarify some issues, such as whether entire amendments are invalid if no actuarial certification is found, or just the parts affecting section 9(2B) rights. Industry bodies are urging the Department for Work and Pensions (DWP) to introduce regulations to validate amendments that are void due to missing actuarial confirmation.
Although the ruling does not alter existing regulations, it clarifies the consequences of failing to demonstrate that actuarial certification was obtained when amendments were made. Trustees and sponsors may assume the scheme is paying the correct benefits if they believe the amendments were valid. However, any uncertainty could lead to incorrect liability valuations, potentially resulting in either an increase or reduction of the defined benefit obligation.
We have outlined below the potential options for trustees to consider at this stage, along with the associated risks.
•Wait for further developments: Trustees may choose to adopt a "wait for further developments" approach due to the uncertainty surrounding the current situation. The complexity and potential cost of conducting a full investigation into the impact of scheme amendments on liabilities, particularly when historical records are not easily accessible, may outweigh the perceived benefits. Trustees might also feel confident that the amendments and necessary confirmations were properly executed, meaning the likelihood of discovering additional liabilities is low. Furthermore, with the possibility of future regulatory changes or additional rulings that could render current investigations unnecessary, trustees may conclude that it is more prudent to wait for clearer guidance or developments before committing resources to the matter.
•Find out more: Trustees may opt for a "find out more" approach to gather additional information and better understand the potential impact of the situation. This approach allows them to stay informed without committing to a full-scale investigation. By reviewing the amendments made to the scheme, understanding the procedures followed, and identifying whether the necessary confirmations were obtained, trustees can assess the potential risks and implications. This proactive step helps trustees stay prepared for any future developments or regulatory changes, ensuring they are in a position to respond appropriately if further action becomes necessary. It also allows them to make more informed decisions while minimising unnecessary costs.
•Comprehensive review: Trustees may choose to take a comprehensive review approach if they feel the need to fully assess the impact of past amendments on the scheme’s liabilities. This approach involves a detailed examination of all relevant changes to ensure compliance with regulations and to identify any potential risks or gaps in the scheme’s governance. By conducting a thorough review, trustees can ensure that the scheme is on solid footing and avoid any future liabilities that might arise from overlooked issues. This proactive strategy may also provide greater clarity and confidence in the scheme’s overall structure, especially if there are concerns about the accuracy or validity of previous amendments.
Next steps
HPW can support trustees and employers throughout this process by offering expert guidance and comprehensive services tailored to their needs.
Whether trustees or employers are considering a "find out more" or "comprehensive review" approach, we can assist in assessing the potential impact on liabilities if there is any doubt as to the validity of any scheme amendments. Trustees may also wish to ask their legal advisers to undertake a review of scheme documentation to establish whether any deeds of amendment do not have the necessary certification.
Additionally, we can help identify any gaps in governance and offer practical solutions to address them, providing trustees or employers with the confidence to make informed decisions while mitigating any potential risks.